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Version 1 (modified by trac, 5年 ago) (diff)
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Email Notification of Ticket Changes

Trac supports notification of ticket changes via email.

Email notification is useful to keep users up-to-date on tickets/issues of interest, and also provides a convenient way to post all ticket changes to a dedicated mailing list. For example, this is how the Trac-tickets mailing list is set up.

Disabled by default, notification can be activated and configured in trac.ini.

Receiving Notification Mails

When reporting a new ticket or adding a comment, enter a valid email address or your Trac username in the reporter, assigned to/owner or cc field. Trac will automatically send you an email when changes are made to the ticket, depending on how notification is configured.

How to use your username to receive notification mails

To receive notification mails, you can either enter a full email address or your Trac username. To get notified with a simple username or login, you need to specify a valid email address in the Preferences page.

Alternatively, a default domain name (smtp_default_domain) can be set in the TracIni file, see Configuration Options below. In this case, the default domain will be appended to the username, which can be useful for an "Intranet" kind of installation.

When using apache and mod_kerb for authentication against Kerberos / Active Directory, usernames take the form (username@EXAMPLE.LOCAL). To avoid this being interpreted as an email address, add the Kerberos domain to (ignore_domains).

Ticket attachment notifications

Since 1.0.3 Trac will send notifications when a ticket attachment is added or deleted. Usually attachment notifications will be enabled in an environment by default. To disable the attachment notifications for an environment the TicketAttachmentNotifier component must be disabled:

[components]
trac.ticket.notification.TicketAttachmentNotifier = disabled

Configuring SMTP Notification

Important: For TracNotification to work correctly, the [trac] base_url option must be set in trac.ini.

Configuration Options

These are the available options for the [notification] section in trac.ini:

`[notification]`

`admit_domains`	Comma-separated list of domains that should be considered as valid for email addresses (such as localdomain).	(no default)
`always_notify_owner`	Always send notifications to the ticket owner (since 0.9).	`false`
`always_notify_reporter`	Always send notifications to any address in the reporter field.	`false`
`always_notify_updater`	Always send notifications to the person who causes the ticket property change and to any previous updater of that ticket.	`true`
`ambiguous_char_width`	Which width of ambiguous characters (e.g. 'single' or 'double') should be used in the table of notification mail. If 'single', the same width as characters in US-ASCII. This is expected by most users. If 'double', twice the width of US-ASCII characters. This is expected by CJK users. (since 0.12.2)	`single`
`batch_subject_template`	Like ticket_subject_template but for batch modifications. By default, the template is `$prefix Batch modify: $tickets_descr`. (since 1.0)	`$prefix Batch modify: $tickets_descr`
`email_sender`	Name of the component implementing `IEmailSender`. This component is used by the notification system to send emails. Trac currently provides `SmtpEmailSender` for connecting to an SMTP server, and `SendmailEmailSender` for running a `sendmail`-compatible executable. (since 0.12)	`SmtpEmailSender`
`ignore_domains`	Comma-separated list of domains that should not be considered part of email addresses (for usernames with Kerberos domains).	(no default)
`mime_encoding`	Specifies the MIME encoding scheme for emails. Valid options are 'base64' for Base64 encoding, 'qp' for Quoted-Printable, and 'none' for no encoding, in which case mails will be sent as 7bit if the content is all ASCII, or 8bit otherwise. (since 0.10)	`none`
`sendmail_path`	Path to the sendmail executable. The sendmail program must accept the `-i` and `-f` options. (since 0.12)	`sendmail`
`smtp_always_bcc`	Email address(es) to always send notifications to, addresses do not appear publicly (Bcc:). (since 0.10)	(no default)
`smtp_always_cc`	Email address(es) to always send notifications to, addresses can be seen by all recipients (Cc:).	(no default)
`smtp_default_domain`	Default host/domain to append to address that do not specify one.	(no default)
`smtp_enabled`	Enable email notification.	`false`
`smtp_from`	Sender address to use in notification emails.	`trac@localhost`
`smtp_from_author`	Use the action author as the sender of notification emails. (since 1.0)	`false`
`smtp_from_name`	Sender name to use in notification emails.	(no default)
`smtp_password`	Password for SMTP server. (since 0.9)	(no default)
`smtp_port`	SMTP server port to use for email notification.	`25`
`smtp_replyto`	Reply-To address to use in notification emails.	`trac@localhost`
`smtp_server`	SMTP server hostname to use for email notifications.	`localhost`
`smtp_subject_prefix`	Text to prepend to subject line of notification emails. If the setting is not defined, then the [$project_name] prefix. If no prefix is desired, then specifying an empty option will disable it. (since 0.10.1)	`__default__`
`smtp_user`	Username for SMTP server. (since 0.9)	(no default)
`ticket_subject_template`	A Genshi text template snippet used to get the notification subject. By default, the subject template is `$prefix #$ticket.id: $summary`. `$prefix` being the value of the `smtp_subject_prefix` option. (since 0.11)	`$prefix #$ticket.id: $summary`
`use_public_cc`	Recipients can see email addresses of other CC'ed recipients. If this option is disabled (the default), recipients are put on BCC. (since 0.10)	`false`
`use_short_addr`	Permit email address without a host/domain (i.e. username only). The SMTP server should accept those addresses, and either append a FQDN or use local delivery. (since 0.10)	`false`
`use_tls`	Use SSL/TLS to send notifications over SMTP. (since 0.10)	`false`

Example Configuration (SMTP)

[notification]
smtp_enabled = true
smtp_server = mail.example.com
smtp_from = notifier@example.com
smtp_replyto = myproj@projects.example.com
smtp_always_cc = ticketmaster@example.com, theboss+myproj@example.com

Example Configuration (`sendmail`)

[notification]
smtp_enabled = true
email_sender = SendmailEmailSender
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
smtp_from = notifier@example.com
smtp_replyto = myproj@projects.example.com
smtp_always_cc = ticketmaster@example.com, theboss+myproj@example.com

Customizing the e-mail subject

The e-mail subject can be customized with the ticket_subject_template option, which contains a Genshi text template snippet. The default value is:

$prefix #$ticket.id: $summary

The following variables are available in the template:

env: The project environment (see env.py).
prefix: The prefix defined in smtp_subject_prefix.
summary: The ticket summary, with the old value if the summary was edited.
ticket: The ticket model object (see model.py). Individual ticket fields can be addressed by appending the field name separated by a dot, eg $ticket.milestone.

Customizing the e-mail content

The notification e-mail content is generated based on ticket_notify_email.txt in trac/ticket/templates. You can add your own version of this template by adding a ticket_notify_email.txt to the templates directory of your environment. The default looks like this:

$ticket_body_hdr
$ticket_props
{% choose ticket.new %}\
{%   when True %}\
$ticket.description
{%   end %}\
{%   otherwise %}\
{%     if changes_body %}\
${_('Changes (by %(author)s):', author=change.author)}

$changes_body
{%     end %}\
{%     if changes_descr %}\
{%       if not changes_body and not change.comment and change.author %}\
${_('Description changed by %(author)s:', author=change.author)}
{%       end %}\
$changes_descr
--
{%     end %}\
{%     if change.comment %}\

${changes_body and _('Comment:') or _('Comment (by %(author)s):', author=change.author)}

$change.comment
{%     end %}\
{%   end %}\
{% end %}\

-- 
${_('Ticket URL: <%(link)s>', link=ticket.link)}
$project.name <${project.url or abs_href()}>
$project.descr

Sample Email

#42: testing
---------------------------+------------------------------------------------
       Id:  42             |      Status:  assigned                
Component:  report system  |    Modified:  Fri Apr  9 00:04:31 2004
 Severity:  major          |   Milestone:  0.9                     
 Priority:  lowest         |     Version:  0.6                     
    Owner:  anonymous      |    Reporter:  jonas@example.com               
---------------------------+------------------------------------------------
Changes:
  * component:  changeset view => search system
  * priority:  low => highest
  * owner:  jonas => anonymous
  * cc:  daniel@example.com =>
         daniel@example.com, jonas@example.com
  * status:  new => assigned

Comment:
I'm interested too!

--
Ticket URL: <http://example.com/trac/ticket/42>
My Project <http://myproj.example.com/>

Customizing e-mail content for MS Outlook

MS Outlook normally presents plain text e-mails with a variable-width font, and as a result the ticket properties table will most certainly look like a mess in MS Outlook. This can be fixed with some customization of the e-mail template.

Replace the following second row in the template:

$ticket_props

with this (requires Python 2.6 or later):

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
{% with
   pv = [(a[0].strip(), a[1].strip()) for a in [b.split(':') for b in
         [c.strip() for c in 
          ticket_props.replace('|', '\n').splitlines()[1:-1]] if ':' in b]];
   sel = ['Reporter', 'Owner', 'Type', 'Status', 'Priority', 'Milestone', 
          'Component', 'Severity', 'Resolution', 'Keywords'] %}\
${'\n'.join('%s\t%s' % (format(p[0]+':', ' <12'), p[1]) for p in pv if p[0] in sel)}
{% end %}\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

The table of ticket properties is replaced with a list of a selection of the properties. A tab character separates the name and value in such a way that most people should find this more pleasing than the default table when using MS Outlook.

#42: testing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Reporter:	jonas@example.com
Owner:	anonymous
Type:	defect
Status:	assigned
Priority:	lowest
Milestone:	0.9
Component:	report system
Severity:	major
Resolution:
Keywords:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes:

  * component: changeset view => search system
  * priority: low => highest
  * owner: jonas => anonymous
  * cc: daniel@example.com =>
          daniel@example.com, jonas@example.com
  * status: new => assigned

Comment:
I'm interested too!

--
Ticket URL: <http://example.com/trac/ticket/42>
My Project <http://myproj.example.com/>

Important: Only those ticket fields that are listed in sel are part of the HTML mail. If you have defined custom ticket fields which are to be part of the mail, then they have to be added to sel. Example:

   sel = ['Reporter', ..., 'Keywords', 'Custom1', 'Custom2']

However, the solution is still a workaround to an automatically HTML-formatted e-mail.

Using GMail as the SMTP relay host

Use the following configuration snippet:

[notification]
smtp_enabled = true
use_tls = true
mime_encoding = base64
smtp_server = smtp.gmail.com
smtp_port = 587
smtp_user = user
smtp_password = password

where user and password match an existing GMail account, ie the ones you use to log in on http://gmail.com.

Alternatively, you can use smtp_port = 25.
You should not use smtp_port = 465. Doing so may deadlock your ticket submission. Port 465 is reserved for the SMTPS protocol, which is not supported by Trac. See #7107 for details.

Filtering notifications for one's own changes and comments

To delete these notifications in Gmail, use the following filter:

from:(<smtp_from>) (("Reporter: <username>" -Changes -Comment) OR "Changes (by <username>)" OR "Comment (by <username>)")

In Thunderbird, there is no such solution if you use IMAP, see http://kb.mozillazine.org/Filters_(Thunderbird)#Filtering_the_message_body.

You can also add this plugin: http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/NeverNotifyUpdaterPlugin, or vote for #2247 to be fixed.

Troubleshooting

If you cannot get the notification working, first make sure the log is activated and have a look at the log to find if an error message has been logged. See TracLogging for help about the log feature.

Notification errors are not reported through the web interface, so the user who submits a change or a new ticket never gets notified about a notification failure. The Trac administrator needs to look at the log to find the error trace.

Permission denied error

Typical error message:

  ...
  File ".../smtplib.py", line 303, in connect
    raise socket.error, msg
  error: (13, 'Permission denied')

This error usually comes from a security settings on the server: many Linux distributions do not allow the web server (Apache, ...) to post email messages to the local SMTP server.

Many users get confused when their manual attempts to contact the SMTP server succeed:

telnet localhost 25

This is because a regular user may connect to the SMTP server, but the web server cannot:

sudo -u www-data telnet localhost 25

In such a case, you need to configure your server so that the web server is authorized to post to the SMTP server. The actual settings depend on your Linux distribution and current security policy. You may find help in the Trac MailingList archive.

Relevant mailing list thread on SELinux: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.subversion.trac.general/7518

For SELinux in Fedora 10:

setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail 1

Suspected spam error

Some SMTP servers may reject the notification email sent by Trac.

The default Trac configuration uses Base64 encoding to send emails to the recipients. The whole body of the email is encoded, which sometimes trigger false positive spam detection on sensitive email servers. In such an event, change the default encoding to "quoted-printable" using the mime_encoding option.

Quoted printable encoding works better with languages that use one of the Latin charsets. For Asian charsets, stick with the Base64 encoding.

See also: TracTickets, TracIni, TracGuide, TracDev/NotificationApi

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